COMPRENSION LECTORA EN INGLES PREGUNTAS RESUELTAS DE LECTURAS DE TEXTOS DE EXAMEN DE ADMISIÓN A LA UNIVERSIDAD
TEXTO 1
The venom glands of snakes are among nature’s most potent weapons. Hans Clevers can now grow a miniature version of the full organs (organoids) that secrete the same toxins as their natural counterparts.
Organoids can be grown in the billions and they are preserved longer than cloned organs. Additionally, venom can be easily harvested by Clever’s team compared to the usual process, which involves “milking” it from living snakes. Their research is beneficial for snakebite treatment, since the accessibility to venom glands could bring about great process to antivenom development, which needs to venom to begin with.
Every year between 81 000 and 130 000 people die from snakebites. The immense variety of snakes and the difficulty of getting venom mean (that) current research is insufficient. New cloning techniques, like organoid development, could be a modern solution to “the world’s biggest hidden health crisis”.
PREGUNTA 1 :
How would you summarize this text?
A) Snakebites kill between 81 000 and 138 000 people every year.
B) Organoids of the snake’s venom glands were created in Hans Clevers’ lab.
C) Organoids are new technology that can be used for medicine and research.
D) Snakebites are a health problem that most people are not aware exists.
PREGUNTA 2:
Why is getting actual venom a difficult task, according to the text?
A) Snakes in the wild are difficult to find.
B) Snakes need to be alive to get venom.
C) Snake’s venom glands are very small.
D) Snakes do not produce venom every day.
PREGUNTA 3:
What is the name of the organs grown on Hans Clevers’lab?
A) Cloned organs
B) Mini organs
C) Organoids
D) Clevers
PREGUNTA 4:
What are one of the health benefits of researching snake venom?
A) It could make the snake’s venom more effective.
B) It would facilitate snakebite treatment.
C) It would reduce pain from snakebites.
D) It could cure diseases that affect snakes.
PREGUNTA 5:
Snakebites are referred to as “the world’s biggest hidden health crisis” because
A) snakebite patients are hard to detect.
B) nobody knows how to treat snakebites.
C) many people die due to snakebites.
D) there are snakes in every country.
TEXTO 2
In the desert, the temperature can change a lot, very hot in the day, up to 55 °C and then go down to 10 °C at night. In the day, try to stay out of the sun and always put something between your body and the hot ground. Don’t sleep on the ground — your body will get too warm. Wear a hat and a shirt to cover your head and arms. Remember to use sun cream and you won’t get sunburnt.
You need to stay cool so drink water every hour. If you have food but no water, don’t eat or your body will use too much water to digest your food. Try not to move or travel in the day — you might sweat too much.
There are many different types of small animals in the desert, so always wear shoes and gloves. When you get up after sleeping, always check your shoes and clothes. You don’t want to step on a snake.
PREGUNTA 6 :
The majority of recommendations in the text are related to
A) the extreme temperatures of the desert. .
B) the easier way to get hot in the desert
C) the levels of comfort in deserts.
D) the wild animals living in the desert.
PREGUNTA 7 :
The word SWEAT means
A) get tired.
B) perspire.
C) get wet.
D) get warm.
PREGUNTA 8 :
According to the recommendations in the text, which of the following statements is false?
A) Use clothes to cover your skin.
B) Avoid contact with the sun.
C) Eat as much food as possible.
D) Hydrate yourself every hour.
PREGUNTA 9 :
You can infer from the text that
A) deserts are enormous areas of sand without animals.
B) water is more important than food in the desert.
C) temperatures are very high during the day and night.
D) water isn’t necessary for people to survive in the desert.
PREGUNTA 10 :
The author suggests that if people do not protect their body, they will
A) suffer from insolation.
B) get a good tanned skin.
C) feel very uncomfortable.
D) feel very tired and wet.
TEXTO 3
Vilcabamba, which is located in Ecuador, is often called ‘the Valley of Long Life’. What’s the secret? It is not very hot or very cold –the air is very clean. People work hard in the fields, and do a lot of exercises. Their diet is very healthy with fruit and vegetables, they almost never eat meat and fish and have good social life. The water they drink, from Vilcabamba River, is very rich in minerals.
In Ogliast, a mountain region of Sardinia in Italy, people live to be 100, and they are normal and healthy. People in the villages work outside in their fields with their animals. They have a healthy diet, with a lot of vegetables and not much meat or fish. They almost never take any medicine, but they usually drink a little grappa before they go to bed. Fortunato who lives there, says to his family and friends, ‘I am never stressed’.
People in Okinawa in Japan do not have big meals. They just have vegetables and fish, and often eat soya. Okinawans are very active, often work until they are 80 or more, and they also relax every day –they see and meditate with friends and relatives, they are always positive, and they are never in a hurry.
PREGUNTA 11 :
After reading the passage, we can say that the text is about
A) learning how people become centenarian.
B) getting informed about the sacred water.
C) enjoying the magic weather temperature.
D) making lots of exercises to be centenarian.
PREGUNTA 12 :
From the reading about Italy, we can say that the word GRAPPA is a
A) special kind of drink.
B) typical kind of food.
C) fresh main course.
D) delicious entrée.
PREGUNTA 13 :
From the climate in Vilcabamba, we can say that the weather is
A) hot.
B) cold.
C) humid.
D) mild.
PREGUNTA 14 :
From the whole passage, we can deduce that people
A) that used to drink only grappa and avoid being stressed are always centenarians.
B) who are never stressed and work indoor are people who want to live very long.
C) who love doing household activities such as cleaning or cooking will live much longer.
D) who live long are the ones which are very active, have natural food and good social life.
PREGUNTA 15 :
After reading carefully the information, we can extrapolate that living in metropolis will
A) not help people to become centenarians.
B) help citizens to live long with the stress.
C) help people get older drinking only grappa.
D) can help people to become old drinking beer.
SOLUCIONARIO
RESOLUCIÓN 1 :
How would you summarize the text? (¿Cómo resumirías el texto?) Organoids are new technology that can be used for medicine and research (Los organoides son una nueva tecnología que se puede utilizar para la medicina y la investigación). A lo largo del texto se describe la creación y uso de los organoides dentro de los laboratorios para uso medicinal y tratamientos de diferentes dolencias, como, por ejemplo, la mordida de una serpiente.
Rpta.: "C"
RESOLUCIÓN 2 :
Why is getting actual venom a difficult task, according to the text? (¿Por qué obtener veneno real es una tarea difícil, según el texto?). Snakes need to be alive to get venom (Las serpientes necesitan estar vivas para obtener su veneno). En el texto se menciona: Additionally, venom can be easily harvested by Clever’s team compared to the usual process, which involves “milking” it from living snakes (Además, el equipo de Clever puede recolectar veneno fácilmente en comparación con el proceso habitual, que implica “ordeñarlo” de serpientes vivas).
Rpta.: "B"
RESOLUCIÓN 3 :
What is the name of the organs grown on Hans Clever’s lab? (¿Cuál es el nombre de los órganos que crecen en el laboratorio de Hans Clever?) Organoids (organoides). En el texto se menciona: Hans Clevers can now grow a miniature version of the full organs (organoids) that secrete the same toxins as their natural counterparts (Hans Clevers ahora puede cultivar una versión en miniatura de los órganos completos (organoides) que secretan las mismas toxinas que sus contrapartes naturales).
Rpta.: "C"
RESOLUCIÓN 4 :
What are one of the health benefits of researching snake venom? (¿Cuál es uno de los beneficios para la salud al investigar el veneno de serpiente?). It would facilitate snakebite treatment (Facilitaría el tratamiento de la mordedura de serpiente). En el texto se menciona: Their research is beneficial for snakebite treatment, since the accessibility to venom glands could bring about great process to antivenom development, which needs venom to begin with (Su investigación es beneficiosa para el tratamiento de la mordedura de serpiente, ya que la accesibilidad a las glándulas venenosas podría dar lugar a un gran proceso para el desarrollo del antiveneno, que para empezar necesita veneno).
Rpta.: "B"
RESOLUCIÓN 5 :
Snakebite are referred to as “the world’s biggest hidden health crisis” because (Las mordeduras de serpiente se conocen como “la mayor crisis de salud oculta del mundo” porque) many people die due to snakebites (mucha gente muere por mordeduras de serpientes). En el texto se menciona: Every year between 81 000 and 138 000 people die from snakebites (Cada año entre 81 000 y 138 000 personas mueren por mordeduras de serpientes).
Rpta.: "C"
RESOLUCIÓN 6 :
Comprensión de lectura El texto manifiesta, en toda su extensión, una serie de recomendaciones (desplazamiento, comida, vestimenta, seguridad) a seguir para soportar las temperaturas extremas en un desierto.
Rpta.: "A"
RESOLUCIÓN 7 :
Significado en contexto Dentro de las recomendaciones que se brinda, se sugiere el no desplazarse mucho durante el día porque se puede sudar demasiado (“sweat”). Por ello, en el contexto de alternativas, un sinónimo pertinente para sudor sería “perspire”, cuya traducción es “transpirar”.
Rpta.: "B"
RESOLUCIÓN 8 :
Incompatibilidad
En el texto, se recomienda que, si se cuenta con comida y no agua, es preferible no comer, pues se utilizará el agua corporal para facilitar la digestión. Por ello, es incompatible afirmar que debemos comer todo cuanto sea posible.
Rpta.: "C"
RESOLUCIÓN 9 :
Inferencia
Se puede inferir del texto que el agua es más importante que la comida en el desierto. En primer lugar, se recomienda beberla cada una hora; por otro lado, se recomienda que, si en caso se cuenta con comida y no agua, es preferible no comer para no consumir el agua corporal presente en el organismo.
Rpta.: "B"
RESOLUCIÓN 10 :
Inferencia
En el contexto de la lectura, el autor aconseja usar crema protectora para evitar las quemaduras por acción del sol. Por ese motivo, si no se utiliza dicha protección, se sufriría de insolación.
Rpta.: "A"
RESOLUCIÓN 11 :
La pregunta dice After reading the passage, we can say that the text is about (Después de leer el párrafo, podemos decir que el texto es acerca de). A lo largo del texto se hace mención de la mejor forma de alcanzar la edad de los cien años; y no solamente con respecto a la dieta, sino también las labores diarias, estilo de vida, etc. Por lo tanto, la respuesta correcta es learning how people become centenarian (aprendiendo como las personas se vuelven centenarias).
Rpta.: "A"
RESOLUCIÓN 12 :
La pregunta dice From the reading about Italy, we can say that the word GRAPPA is a (Del texto acerca de Italia, podemos decir que la palabra GRAPPA es un/una). En el segundo párrafo, que es donde se menciona la montaña Ogliast, ubicada en la región de Sardinia, Italia, se hace mención a una bebida que toman los habitantes de esa región para estar saludables y vivir muchos años, y sabemos que es una bebida porque el autor usa el verbo “drink” (beber) antes de la palabra GRAPPA (por cierto, aguardiente que se obtiene de la destilación de orujos de uva). Por tal motivo, la respuesta correcta es special kind of drink (tipo especial de bebida). Las otras claves hacen referencia a alimentos y bebida gaseosa.
Rpta.: "A"
RESOLUCIÓN 13 :
La pregunta dice: From the climate in Vilcabamba, we can say that the weather is (Con respecto al clima en Vilcabamba, podemos decir que el clima es). En el primer párrafo se habla del valle de Vilcabamba ubicado en Ecuador, conocido también como “Valley of Long Life” (Valle de Vida Larga); el texto describe a su clima como It is not very hot or very cold (ni muy cálido ni muy frío); es decir, un clima templado. Las claves son adjetivos que describen el clima: hot (caliente, cálido) cold (frío) humid (húmedo) rusty (oxidado, color óxido) mild (templado, ni muy cálido ni muy frío) Por lo tanto, la respuesta correcta es mild (templado)
Rpta.: "D"
RESOLUCIÓN 14 :
La pregunta dice From the whole passage, we can deduce that people (De todo el texto podemos deducir que las personas). ¿Cuál de las claves resume mejor el contenido del texto? Como ya habíamos mencionado antes, a lo largo del texto se hace referencia a cómo las personas alcanzan vivir, incluso hasta los cien años, y se describen varias formar de alcanzar dicha edad: comiendo saludable, teniendo una vida activa al aire libre y un estilo de vida sociable. Por lo tanto, la respuesta correcta es people who live long are the ones which are very active, have natural food and good social life (las personas que viven mucho son aquellas que son muy activas, se alimentan con comida natural y tienen una buena vida social).
Rpta.: "D"
RESOLUCIÓN 15 :
La pregunta dice After reading carefully the information, we can extrapolate that living in metropolis will (Después de leer cuidadosamente la información, podemos extrapolar que vivir en la metrópoli). Luego, nos piden que hagamos una deducción opuesta al mensaje principal del texto. Como se mencionó con anterioridad, la idea principal del texto es que para alcanzar a vivir cien años debemos de comer saludable, ser muy activos y tener una buena vida social; pero si vemos con más detenimiento el texto, los tres lugares que se mencionan tienen en común que se encuentran alejadas de las grandes ciudades (metrópolis), lugares con espacios abiertos y mucha vida al aire libre. La respuesta que se ajusta a dicha descripción es metropolis will not help people to become centenarians (las metrópolis no ayudarán a las personas a convertirse en centenarios).
Rpta.: "D"
PASSAGE 1
Antidepressant prescribing has risen nearly 400% since 1988, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). More than 1 in 10 Americans over age 12 now takes an antidepressant, the study finds. But perhaps the most concerning finding in the CDC report is that people who take antidepressants are taking them long term. About 60% of people had taken the medications for two years or longer, and 14% had taken antidepressants for more than a decade. At first glance, that sounds scary, but since depression can be a chronic disorder, and since research shows that maintenance on antidepressants cuts the risk of relapse in half, longterm use can be appropriate. However, as with the vast majority of medications, there is not much research on long-term effects of the drugs and, clearly, such study is needed here. Szalavitz, M. (2011). What Does a 400% Increase in Antidepressant Use Really Mean? Time. Retrieved from .
TRADUCCIÓN
La prescripción de antidepresivos ha aumentado casi un 400% desde 1988, según datos de los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC). Según el estudio, más de 1 de cada 10 estadounidenses mayores de 12 años ahora toma un antidepresivo. Pero quizás el hallazgo más preocupante en el informe de los CDC es que las personas que toman antidepresivos los toman a largo plazo. Alrededor del 60% de las personas había tomado los medicamentos durante dos años o más, y el 14% había tomado antidepresivos durante más de una década. A primera vista, eso suena aterrador, pero dado que la depresión puede ser un trastorno crónico, y dado que la investigación muestra que el mantenimiento con antidepresivos reduce a la mitad el riesgo de recaída, el uso a largo plazo puede ser apropiado. Sin embargo, al igual que con la gran mayoría de los medicamentos, no hay mucha investigación sobre los efectos a largo plazo de los medicamentos y, claramente, este estudio es necesario aquí.
1.
What is the main idea of the passage?
A) An American study finds that antidepressant prescribing is very common.
B) Researchers have to investigate the secondary effects of antidepressants.
C) Depression is a chronic disorder and it needs to be treated appropriately.
D) A great amount of young people is taking antidepressants in the present.
2.
The word CLEARLY could be replaced by
A) evidently.
B) distinctly.
C) legibly.
D) readably.
3.
We can infer from the passage that the author
A) believes the antidepressants’ increase have a meaning.
B) thinks people would be frightened with some information.
C) is worried about the effects of depression in young people.
D) considers that there are not risks in drugs’ consumption.
4. It is compatible with the passage about antidepressants that
A) they represent an endangerment so people must stop consuming them.
B) doctors should give them only to young people under the age of 12.
C) they are recommendable, but we need to study its secondary effects.
D) its effects are far from being beneficial for the people that consume them.
5.
If a new study confirmed that depression does not need to be treated using any drug, then
A) antidepressants would not be recommendable at all.
B) the CDC would be sorry for giving inaccurate results.
C) antidepressant prescribing would increase anyways.
D) only young people would stop consuming these drugs.